Archives of Acoustics, 47, 2, pp. 151-167, 2022
10.24425/aoa.2022.141646

Microphone Based Acoustic Vector Sensor for Direction Finding with Bias Removal

Mohd WAJID
ORCID ID 0000-0002-6932-6354
https://www.amu.ac.in/faculty/electronics-engineering/mohd-wajid
Department of Electronics Engineering, Z.H.C.E.T., Aligarh Muslim Univesity Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
India

Arun KUMAR
ORCID ID 0000-0001-7079-2531
http://care.iitd.ac.in/People/Faculty/AKumar.html
Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
India

Rajendar BAHL
ORCID ID 0000-0001-5633-0656
http://care.iitd.ac.in/People/Faculty/R_Bahl.html
Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
India

The acoustic vector sensor (AVS) is used to measure the acoustic intensity, which gives the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of an acoustic source. However, while estimating the DOA from the measured acoustic intensity the finite microphone separation (d) in a practical AVS causes angular bias. Also, in the presence of noise there
exists a trade off between the bias (strictly increasing function of d) and variance (strictly decreasing function of d) of the DOA estimate. In this paper, we propose a novel method for mitigating the angular bias caused due to finite microphone separation in an AVS. We have reduced the variance by increasing the microphone separation and then removed the bias with the proposed bias model. Our approach employs the finite element method (FEM) and curves fitting to model the angular bias in terms of microphone separations and frequency
of a narrowband signal. Further, the bias correction algorithm based on the intensity spectrum has been proposed to improve the DOA estimation accuracy of a broadband signal. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed bias correction scheme significantly reduces the angular bias and improves the root mean square angular error (RMSAE) in the presence of noise. Experiments have been performed in an acoustic full anechoic room to corroborate the effect of microphone separation on DOA estimation and the efficacy of the
bias correction method.
Keywords: acoustic measurements; acoustic sensor; acoustic vector sensor; direction-of-arrival estimation; finite element analysis; microphones; particle velocity; sound source localization
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DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.141646