Authors
-
Busemnaz AVŞAR AKSU
Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University,
Turkey
0000-0002-1371-2459
- Didem ŞAHİN CEYLAN Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Turkey
- Gökçe GÜLTEKİN (1) Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University (2) Department of Audiology, Language and Speech Disorders, Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) essentially reflects auditory change detection. Although auditory change detection can potentially be assessed through behavioral auditory testing methods, the increased reliability of objective methods, such as MMN, makes them more valuable. The aim of this study was to detect and compare the intensity just noticeable difference using the MMN and a behavioral method. The level at which the intensity difference between the frequent stimulus and the infrequent stimulus was the lowest and the MMN wave elicited was accepted as the MMN threshold. A total of 60 subjects, 30 females (mean age 21.70, SD = 1.91 years) and 30 males (mean age 22.77, SD = 3.01), aged 20–30 years, were included in the study. In the whole sample, a significant difference was found between MMN thresholds obtained from the right ear side and MMN thresholds obtained from the left ear side, regardless of sex (p < 0.05). In the comparison of the values obtained using the behavioral method and MMN, no significant difference was found for either the right or the left side in both sexes (p > 0.05). The results showed that the values determined by the behavioral method and MMN on both the right and left ear sides were similar in both sexes.Keywords:
behavioral measurement, intensity just noticeable difference, auditory discrimination, mismatch negativity, loudness discrimination.References
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2. Belin P. et al. (1998), The functional anatomy of sound intensity discrimination, Journal of Neuroscience, 18(16): 6388–6394, https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-16-06388.1998
3. Bench J. (1969), Audio-frequency and audio-intensity discrimination in the human neonate, International Audiology, 8(4): 615–625, https://doi.org/10.3109/05384916909070234
4. Berchicci M., Bianco V., Di Russo F. (2021), Electrophysiological sign of stronger auditory processing in females than males during passive listening, Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(3–4): 106–111, https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2020.1806224
5. Bianchi F., Hjortkjær J., Santurette S., Zatorre R.J., Siebner H.R., Dau T. (2017), Subcortical and cortical correlates of pitch discrimination: Evidence for two levels of neuroplasticity in musicians, NeuroImage, 163: 398–412, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.057
6. Bonetti L. et al. (2018), Auditory sensory memory and working memory skills: Association between frontal MMN and performance scores, Brain Research, 1700: 86–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.034
7. Dorta J., Martín J.A., Jorge C. (2017), Intensity threshold: Beyond pure tones, Estudios de Fonetica Experimental, 26: 133–163.
8. Evans J.D. (1996), Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
9. Fitzgerald K., Todd J. (2020), Making sense of mismatch negativity, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00468
10. Harris F.P. (1990), Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in humans with high frequency sensorineural hearing loss, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33(3): 594–600, https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3303.594
11. Harris K.C., Mills J.H., Dubno J.R. (2007), Electrophysiologic correlates of intensity discrimination in cortical evoked potentials of younger and older adults, Hearing Research, 228(1–2): 58–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2007.01.021
12. He N., Dubno J.R., Mills J.H. (1998), Frequency and intensity discrimination measured in a maximum-likelihood procedure from young and aged normal-hearing subjects, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 103(1): 553–565, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.421127
13. He S., Grose J.H., Buchman C.A. (2012), Auditory discrimination: The relationship between psychophysical and electrophysiological measures, International Journal of Audiology, 51(10): 771–782, https://doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2012.699198
14. Ikezawa S. et al. (2008), Gender differences in lateralization of mismatch negativity in dichotic listening tasks, International Journal of Psychophysiology, 68(1): 41–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.01.006
15. Jacobsen T., Schröger E. (2003), Measuring duration mismatch negativity, Clinical Neurophysiology, 114(6): 1133–1143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457%2803%2900043-9
16. Johnson N., Shiju A.M., Parmar A., Prabhu P. (2021), Evaluation of auditory stream segregation in musicians and nonmusicians, International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 25(01): e77–e80, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709116
17. Kumar P., Singh N.K., Sanju H.K., Kaverappa G.M. (2020), Feasibility of objective assessment of difference limen for intensity using acoustic change complex in children with central auditory processing disorder, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 137: 110189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110189
18. Maslin M.R.D., Taylor M., Plack C.J., Munro K.J. (2015), Enhanced intensity discrimination in the intact ear of adults with unilateral deafness, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 137(6): EL408–EL414, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4914945
19. Mehta A.H., Oxenham A.J. (2018), Fundamental-frequency discrimination based on temporal-envelope cues: Effects of bandwidth and interference, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 144(5): EL423–EL428, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.5079569
20. Mishra S.K., Renken L., Hernandez M., Rodrigo H. (2021), Auditory development of frequency discrimination at extended high frequencies, Ear and Hearing, 42(3): 700–708, https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000972
21. Näätänen R. (1990), The role of attention in auditory information processing as revealed by event-related potentials and other brain measures of cognitive function, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13(2): 201–288, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00078407
22. Näätänen R. (1995), The mismatch negativity: A powerful tool for cognitive neuroscience, Ear and Hearing, 16(1): 6–18.
23. Näätänen R., Pakarinen S., Rinne T., Takegata R. (2004), The mismatch negativity (MMN): Towards the optimal paradigm, Clinical Neurophysiology, 115(1): 140–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2003.04.001
24. Näätänen R., Winkler I. (1999), The concept of auditory stimulus representation in cognitive neuroscience, Psychological Bulletin, 125(6): 826–859, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.826
25. Nagy E., Potts G.F., Loveland K.A. (2003), Sex-related ERP differences in deviance detection, International Journal of Psychophysiology, 48(3): 285–292, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760%2803%2900042-4
26. O’Reilly J.A. (2021), Can intensity modulation of the auditory response explain intensity-decrement mismatch negativity?, Neuroscience Letters, 764: 136199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136199
27. Pakarinen S., Takegata R., Rinne T., Huotilainen M., Näätänen R. (2007), Measurement of extensive auditory discrimination profiles using the mismatch negativity (MMN) of the auditory event-related potential (ERP), Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(1): 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.09.001
28. Rahne T., Plontke S.K., Wagner L. (2014), Mismatch negativity (MMN) objectively reflects timbre discrimination thresholds in normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant users, Brain Research, 1586: 143–151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.045
29. Rana F.S., Pape D., Service E. (2022), The effect of increasing acoustic and linguistic complexity on auditory processing: An EEG study, [in:] Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH, pp. 4048–4052, https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2022-10607
30. Rao A., Koerner T.K., Madsen B., Zhang Y. (2020), Investigating influences of medial olivocochlear efferent system on central auditory processing and listening in noise: A behavioral and event-related potential study, Brain Sciences, 10(7): 1–17, https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070428
31. Recanzone G.H., Beckerman N.S. (2004), Effects of intensity and location on sound location discrimination in macaque monkeys, Hearing Research, 198(1–2): 116–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2004.07.017
32. Rinne T., Särkkä A., Degerman A., Schröger E., Alho K. (2006), Two separate mechanisms underlie auditory change detection and involuntary control of attention, Brain Research, 1077(1): 135–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.043
33. Ruhnau P., Herrmann B., Schröger E. (2012), Finding the right control: The mismatch negativity under investigation, Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(3): 507–512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.035
34. Sadia G., Ritter W., Sussman E. (2013), Category effects: Is top-down control alone sufficient to elicit the mismatch negativity (MMN) component?, Biological Psychology, 92(2): 191–198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.10.008
35. Schröger E., Wolff C. (1996), Mismatch response of the human brain to changes in sound location, NeuroReport, 7(18): 3005–3008, https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199611250-00041
36. Sendesen E., Erbil N., Türkyılmaz M.D. (2022), The mismatch negativity responses of individuals with tinnitus with normal extended high-frequency hearing – is it possible to use mismatch negativity in the evaluation of tinnitus?, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 279(7): 3425–3434, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-07097-6
37. Sussman E.S. (2007), A new view on the MMN and attention debate, Journal of Psychophysiology, 21(3–4): 164–175, https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.21.34.164
38. Sussman E.S., Chen S., Sussman-Fort J., Dinces E. (2014), The five myths of MMN: Redefining how to use MMN in basic and clinical research, Brain Topography, 27(4): 553–564, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-013-0326-6b
39. Toufan R., Aghamolaei M., Ashayeri H. (2021), Differential effects of gender on mismatch negativity to violations of simple and pattern acoustic regularities, Brain and Behavior, 11(8): e2248, https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2248
40. Wagner L., Ladek A.S., Plontke S.K., Rahne T. (2023), Electrically evoked mismatch negativity responses to loudness and pitch cues in cochlear implant users, Scientific Reports, 13(1): 2413, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29422-1
41. Weder S., Shoushtarian M., Olivares V., Zhou X., Innes-Brown H., McKay C. (2020), Cortical fNIRS responses can be better explained by loudness percept than sound intensity, Ear and Hearing, 41(5): 1187–1195, https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000836
42. Wiens S., Szychowska M., Eklund R., van Berlekom E. (2019), Cascade and no-repetition rules are comparable controls for the auditory frequency mismatch negativity in oddball tasks, Psychophysiology, 56(1): e13280, https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13280
43. Wiley T.L., Oviatt D.L., Block M.G. (1987), Acoustic-immittance measures in normal ears, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 30(2): 161–170, https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3002.161
44. Zaltz Y., Roth D.A.-E., Gover H., Liran S., Kishon-Rabin L. (2014), The effect of gender on a frequency discrimination task in children, Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 25(3): 293–299.
45. Zhang Y.T., Geng Z.J., Zhang Q., Li W., Zhang J. (2006), Auditory cortical responses evoked by pure tones in healthy and sensorineural hearing loss subjects: Functional MRI and magnetoencephalography, Chinese Medical Journal, 119(18): 1548–1554, https://doi.org/10.1097/00029330-200609020-00008
2. Belin P. et al. (1998), The functional anatomy of sound intensity discrimination, Journal of Neuroscience, 18(16): 6388–6394, https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-16-06388.1998
3. Bench J. (1969), Audio-frequency and audio-intensity discrimination in the human neonate, International Audiology, 8(4): 615–625, https://doi.org/10.3109/05384916909070234
4. Berchicci M., Bianco V., Di Russo F. (2021), Electrophysiological sign of stronger auditory processing in females than males during passive listening, Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(3–4): 106–111, https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2020.1806224
5. Bianchi F., Hjortkjær J., Santurette S., Zatorre R.J., Siebner H.R., Dau T. (2017), Subcortical and cortical correlates of pitch discrimination: Evidence for two levels of neuroplasticity in musicians, NeuroImage, 163: 398–412, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.057
6. Bonetti L. et al. (2018), Auditory sensory memory and working memory skills: Association between frontal MMN and performance scores, Brain Research, 1700: 86–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.034
7. Dorta J., Martín J.A., Jorge C. (2017), Intensity threshold: Beyond pure tones, Estudios de Fonetica Experimental, 26: 133–163.
8. Evans J.D. (1996), Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
9. Fitzgerald K., Todd J. (2020), Making sense of mismatch negativity, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00468
10. Harris F.P. (1990), Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in humans with high frequency sensorineural hearing loss, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33(3): 594–600, https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3303.594
11. Harris K.C., Mills J.H., Dubno J.R. (2007), Electrophysiologic correlates of intensity discrimination in cortical evoked potentials of younger and older adults, Hearing Research, 228(1–2): 58–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2007.01.021
12. He N., Dubno J.R., Mills J.H. (1998), Frequency and intensity discrimination measured in a maximum-likelihood procedure from young and aged normal-hearing subjects, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 103(1): 553–565, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.421127
13. He S., Grose J.H., Buchman C.A. (2012), Auditory discrimination: The relationship between psychophysical and electrophysiological measures, International Journal of Audiology, 51(10): 771–782, https://doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2012.699198
14. Ikezawa S. et al. (2008), Gender differences in lateralization of mismatch negativity in dichotic listening tasks, International Journal of Psychophysiology, 68(1): 41–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.01.006
15. Jacobsen T., Schröger E. (2003), Measuring duration mismatch negativity, Clinical Neurophysiology, 114(6): 1133–1143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1388-2457%2803%2900043-9
16. Johnson N., Shiju A.M., Parmar A., Prabhu P. (2021), Evaluation of auditory stream segregation in musicians and nonmusicians, International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 25(01): e77–e80, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709116
17. Kumar P., Singh N.K., Sanju H.K., Kaverappa G.M. (2020), Feasibility of objective assessment of difference limen for intensity using acoustic change complex in children with central auditory processing disorder, International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 137: 110189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110189
18. Maslin M.R.D., Taylor M., Plack C.J., Munro K.J. (2015), Enhanced intensity discrimination in the intact ear of adults with unilateral deafness, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 137(6): EL408–EL414, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4914945
19. Mehta A.H., Oxenham A.J. (2018), Fundamental-frequency discrimination based on temporal-envelope cues: Effects of bandwidth and interference, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 144(5): EL423–EL428, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.5079569
20. Mishra S.K., Renken L., Hernandez M., Rodrigo H. (2021), Auditory development of frequency discrimination at extended high frequencies, Ear and Hearing, 42(3): 700–708, https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000972
21. Näätänen R. (1990), The role of attention in auditory information processing as revealed by event-related potentials and other brain measures of cognitive function, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13(2): 201–288, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00078407
22. Näätänen R. (1995), The mismatch negativity: A powerful tool for cognitive neuroscience, Ear and Hearing, 16(1): 6–18.
23. Näätänen R., Pakarinen S., Rinne T., Takegata R. (2004), The mismatch negativity (MMN): Towards the optimal paradigm, Clinical Neurophysiology, 115(1): 140–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2003.04.001
24. Näätänen R., Winkler I. (1999), The concept of auditory stimulus representation in cognitive neuroscience, Psychological Bulletin, 125(6): 826–859, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.826
25. Nagy E., Potts G.F., Loveland K.A. (2003), Sex-related ERP differences in deviance detection, International Journal of Psychophysiology, 48(3): 285–292, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760%2803%2900042-4
26. O’Reilly J.A. (2021), Can intensity modulation of the auditory response explain intensity-decrement mismatch negativity?, Neuroscience Letters, 764: 136199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136199
27. Pakarinen S., Takegata R., Rinne T., Huotilainen M., Näätänen R. (2007), Measurement of extensive auditory discrimination profiles using the mismatch negativity (MMN) of the auditory event-related potential (ERP), Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(1): 177–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.09.001
28. Rahne T., Plontke S.K., Wagner L. (2014), Mismatch negativity (MMN) objectively reflects timbre discrimination thresholds in normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant users, Brain Research, 1586: 143–151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.045
29. Rana F.S., Pape D., Service E. (2022), The effect of increasing acoustic and linguistic complexity on auditory processing: An EEG study, [in:] Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH, pp. 4048–4052, https://doi.org/10.21437/Interspeech.2022-10607
30. Rao A., Koerner T.K., Madsen B., Zhang Y. (2020), Investigating influences of medial olivocochlear efferent system on central auditory processing and listening in noise: A behavioral and event-related potential study, Brain Sciences, 10(7): 1–17, https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070428
31. Recanzone G.H., Beckerman N.S. (2004), Effects of intensity and location on sound location discrimination in macaque monkeys, Hearing Research, 198(1–2): 116–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2004.07.017
32. Rinne T., Särkkä A., Degerman A., Schröger E., Alho K. (2006), Two separate mechanisms underlie auditory change detection and involuntary control of attention, Brain Research, 1077(1): 135–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.043
33. Ruhnau P., Herrmann B., Schröger E. (2012), Finding the right control: The mismatch negativity under investigation, Clinical Neurophysiology, 123(3): 507–512, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.035
34. Sadia G., Ritter W., Sussman E. (2013), Category effects: Is top-down control alone sufficient to elicit the mismatch negativity (MMN) component?, Biological Psychology, 92(2): 191–198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.10.008
35. Schröger E., Wolff C. (1996), Mismatch response of the human brain to changes in sound location, NeuroReport, 7(18): 3005–3008, https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199611250-00041
36. Sendesen E., Erbil N., Türkyılmaz M.D. (2022), The mismatch negativity responses of individuals with tinnitus with normal extended high-frequency hearing – is it possible to use mismatch negativity in the evaluation of tinnitus?, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 279(7): 3425–3434, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-07097-6
37. Sussman E.S. (2007), A new view on the MMN and attention debate, Journal of Psychophysiology, 21(3–4): 164–175, https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.21.34.164
38. Sussman E.S., Chen S., Sussman-Fort J., Dinces E. (2014), The five myths of MMN: Redefining how to use MMN in basic and clinical research, Brain Topography, 27(4): 553–564, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-013-0326-6b
39. Toufan R., Aghamolaei M., Ashayeri H. (2021), Differential effects of gender on mismatch negativity to violations of simple and pattern acoustic regularities, Brain and Behavior, 11(8): e2248, https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2248
40. Wagner L., Ladek A.S., Plontke S.K., Rahne T. (2023), Electrically evoked mismatch negativity responses to loudness and pitch cues in cochlear implant users, Scientific Reports, 13(1): 2413, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29422-1
41. Weder S., Shoushtarian M., Olivares V., Zhou X., Innes-Brown H., McKay C. (2020), Cortical fNIRS responses can be better explained by loudness percept than sound intensity, Ear and Hearing, 41(5): 1187–1195, https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000836
42. Wiens S., Szychowska M., Eklund R., van Berlekom E. (2019), Cascade and no-repetition rules are comparable controls for the auditory frequency mismatch negativity in oddball tasks, Psychophysiology, 56(1): e13280, https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13280
43. Wiley T.L., Oviatt D.L., Block M.G. (1987), Acoustic-immittance measures in normal ears, Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 30(2): 161–170, https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3002.161
44. Zaltz Y., Roth D.A.-E., Gover H., Liran S., Kishon-Rabin L. (2014), The effect of gender on a frequency discrimination task in children, Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 25(3): 293–299.
45. Zhang Y.T., Geng Z.J., Zhang Q., Li W., Zhang J. (2006), Auditory cortical responses evoked by pure tones in healthy and sensorineural hearing loss subjects: Functional MRI and magnetoencephalography, Chinese Medical Journal, 119(18): 1548–1554, https://doi.org/10.1097/00029330-200609020-00008
