Archives of Acoustics, 49, 4, pp. 491–505, 2024
10.24425/aoa.2024.148817

A Real-Time Key-Finding Algorithm Based on the Signature of Fifths

Paulina KANIA
Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University
Poland

Dariusz KANIA
Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology
Poland

Tomasz ŁUKASZEWICZ
Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology
Poland

The signature of fifths is a special kind of music representation technique enabling acquisition of musical knowledge. The technique is based on geometrical relationships existing between twelve polar vectors inscribed in the circle of fifths, which represent individual pitch-classes detected in a given composition. In this paper we introduce a real-time key-detection algorithm which utilizes the concept of the signature of fifths. We explain
how to create the signature of fifths and how to derive its descriptors required by the algorithm, i.e., the main directed axis of the signature of fifths, the major/minor mode axis, the characteristic vector of the signature of fifths, the characteristic angle of the signature of fifths, and the angle of the major/minor mode. We performed a series of experiments to test the algorithm’s effectiveness. The results were compared with those obtained using key-detection approaches based on key-profiles. All experiments were conducted using works composed by J.S. Bach, F. Chopin, and D. Shostakovich. The distinctive features of the presented algorithm, with respect to the considered key-detection approaches, are computational simplicity and stability of the decision-making process.
Keywords: music key-detection; tonality; music information retrieval; music classification
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Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0.

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DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148817