Experimental Assessment of the Impact of Sonication Parameters on Necrotic Lesions Induced in Tissues by HIFU Ablative Device for Preclinical Studies
Abstract
We have designed and built ultrasound imaging-guided HIFU ablative device for preclinical studies on small animals. Before this device is used to treat animals, ex vivo tissue studies were necessary to determine the location and extent of necrotic lesions created inside tissue samples by HIFU beams depending on their acoustic properties. This will allow to plan the beam movement trajectory and the distance and time intervals between exposures leading to necrosis covering the entire treated volume without damaging the surrounding tissues. This is crucial for therapy safety. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of sonication parameters on the size of necrotic lesions formed by HIFU beams generated by 64-mm bowl-shaped transducer used, operating at 1.08 MHz or 3.21 MHz. Multiple necrotic lesions were created in pork loin samples at 12.6-mm depth below tissue surface during 3-s exposure to HIFU beams with fixed duty-cycle and varied pulse-duration or fixed pulse-duration and varied duty-cycle, propagated in two-layer media: water-tissue. After exposures, the necrotic lesions were visualized using magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging (photos) after sectioning the samples. Quantitative analysis of the obtained results allowed to select the optimal sonication and beam movement parameters to support planning of effective therapy.Keywords:
automated ultrasound imaging-guided HIFU ablation system, ex vivo tissue, ultrasonic exposure parameters, extent of necrotic lesionsReferences
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2. Choi J.W. et al. (2014), Portable high-intensity focused ultrasound system with 3D electronic steering, real-time cavitation monitoring, and 3D image reconstruction algorithms: a preclinical study in pigs, Ultrasonography, 33(3): 191–199, https://doi.org/10.14366/usg.14008
3. Duck F.A. (1990), Physical Properties of Tissue: A Comprehensive Reference Book, Academic Press, London.
4. Ebbini E.S., ter Haar G. (2015), Ultrasound-guided therapeutic focused ultrasound: current status and future directions, International Journal of Hyperthermia, 31(2): 77–89, https://doi.org/10.3109/02656736.2014.995238
5. Ellens N. et al. (2015), The targeting accuracy of a preclinical MRI‐guided focused ultrasound system, Medical Physics, 42(1): 430–439, https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4903950
6. Fukuda H. et al. (2011), Hyper-echo in ultrasound images during high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for hepatocellular carcinomas, European Journal of Radiology, 80(3): e571–e575, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.09.001
7. Fura Ł., Kujawska T. (2019), Selection of exposure parameters for a HIFU ablation system using an array of thermocouples and numerical simulations, Archives of Acoustics, 44(2): 349–355, https://doi.org/10.24425/aoa.2019.128498
8. Guillaumier S. et al. (2018), A multicentre study of 5-year outcomes following focal therapy in treating clinically significant nonmetastatic prostate cancer, European Urology, 74(4): 422–429, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2018.06.006
9. ter Haar G. (2007), Therapeutic applications of ultrasound, Progress in Biophysics & Molecular Biology, 93(1–3): 111–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.07.005
10. Hand J.W., Shaw A., Sadhoo N., Rajaqopal S., Dickinson R.J., Gavrilov L.R. (2009), A random phased array device for delivery of high intensity focused ultrasound, Physics in Medicine & Biology, 54(19): 5675–5693, https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/54/19/002
11. Koch T., Lakshmanan S., Brand S., Wicke M., Raum K., Moerlein D. (2011), Ultrasound velocity and attenuation of porcine soft tissues with respect to structure and composition: I. Muscle, Meat Science, 88(1): 51–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.12.002
12. Kujawska T., Secomski W., Byra M., Postema M., Nowicki A. (2017), Annular phased array transducer for preclinical testing of anti-cancer drug efficacy on small animals, Ultrasonics, 76: 92–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2016.12.008
13. Law W.K., Frizzell L.A., Dunn F. (1985), Determination of the nonlinearity parameter B/A of biological media, Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 11(2): 307–318, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-5629%2885%2990130-9
14. Leslie T. et al. (2012), High-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of liver tumours: post-treatment MRI correlates well with intra-operative estimates of treatment volume, The British Journal of Radiology, 85(1018): 1363–1370, https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/56737365
15. Li K., Bai J.F., Chen Y.Z., Ji X. (2018), Experimental evaluation of targeting accuracy of an ultrasound-guided phased-array high-intensity focused ultrasound system, Applied Acoustics, 141: 19–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.06.011
16. Li S., Wu P.H. (2013), Magnetic resonance image-guided versus ultrasound guided high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of breast cancer, Chinese Journal of Cancer, 32(8): 441–452, https://doi.org/10.5732/cjc.012.10104
17. Masamune K., Kurima I., Kuwana K., Yamashita H., Chiba T., Dohi T. (2013), HIFU positioning robot for less-invasive fetal treatment, Procedia CIRP, 5: 286-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.01.056
18. Melodelima D., N'Djin W.A., Parmentier H., Chesnais S., Rivoire M., Chapelon J.Y. (2009), Thermal ablation by high-intensity-focused ultrasound using a toroid transducer increases the coagulated volume. Results of animal experiments, Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 35(3): 425–435, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.09.020
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21. Schneider C.A., Rasband W.S., Eliceiri K.W. (2012), NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis, Nature Methods, 9(7): 671–675, https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089
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24. Veereman G. et al. (2015), Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound for localized prostate cancer, European Urology Focus, 1(2): 158–170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2015.04.006
25. Wang Y., Wang Z.B., Xu Y.H. (2018), Efficacy, efficiency, and safety of magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound for ablation of uterine fibroids: comparison with ultrasound-guided method, Korean Journal of Radiology, 19(4): 724–732, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2018.19.4.724
26. Wójcik J., Nowicki A., Lewin P.A., Bloomfield P.E., Kujawska T., Filipczynski L. (2006), Wave envelopes method for description of nonlinear acoustic wave propagation, Ultrasonics, 44: 310–329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.04.001
27. Yu T., Xu C. (2008), Hyperecho as the indicator of tissue necrosis during microbubble-assisted high intensity focused ultrasound sensitivity, specificity and predictive value, Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 34(8): 1343–1347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2008.01.012
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29. Zhang L., Rao F., Setzen R. (2017), High intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of adenomyosis: selection criteria, efficacy, safety and fertility, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 96(6): 707–714, https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13159
30. Zhang X., Li K., Xie B., He M., He J., Zhang L. (2014), Effective ablation therapy of adenomyosis with ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound, International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 124(3): 207–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.08.022
